Understanding the Working of Solar Panels!

Written by Jagrit Jain
Cover Image for Understanding the Working of Solar Panels!

Understanding the Working of Solar Panels

Solar panels are an essential part of the growing movement toward clean, renewable energy. They help harness the sun’s power and convert it into usable electricity, making them a sustainable choice for homes and businesses. But how exactly do solar panels work? Let’s break down the process in simple terms.

What Are Solar Panels?

Solar panels, also known as photovoltaic (PV) panels, are devices designed to capture sunlight and convert it into electricity. They are made up of many small units called solar cells, typically made from silicon, a material that is good at absorbing sunlight.

How Do Solar Panels Work?

Solar panels generate electricity through a process called the photovoltaic effect. Here's how it works step by step:

  1. Absorption of Sunlight:
    • Solar panels are installed in a location where they can capture maximum sunlight (usually on rooftops).
    • When sunlight hits the panels, it is absorbed by the solar cells.
  2. Generation of Electrical Current:
    • Each solar cell is made of layers of silicon. When sunlight strikes the silicon, it causes electrons (tiny particles that carry electricity) to become energized and move.
    • This movement of electrons creates an electric current.
  3. Conversion from DC to AC:
    • The electrical current produced by the solar cells is direct current (DC), which flows in one direction.
    • However, most homes and appliances use alternating current (AC). So, the DC electricity is sent to an inverter, a device that converts it into AC electricity.
  4. Distribution of Electricity:
    • Once the electricity is converted into AC, it flows into your home’s electrical system. It can be used to power lights, appliances, and other devices.
    • If your solar system generates more power than you need, the excess can be stored in a battery or sent back to the grid, depending on your system setup.

What Happens at Night or on Cloudy Days?

Solar panels only generate electricity when they receive sunlight. So, what happens when the sun isn’t shining?

  • Energy Storage: Many solar systems include battery storage to store excess energy produced during the day. This energy can be used at night or on cloudy days.
  • Grid Connection: If you don’t have a battery, excess energy can be sent back to the electricity grid, and you can draw power from the grid when needed.
  • For more detail you can check Is Solar Produce Energy at Night?

Efficiency of Solar Panels

The efficiency of solar panels refers to how much sunlight is converted into usable electricity. Modern solar panels are usually 15% to 20% efficient, meaning they convert 15-20% of the sunlight that hits them into usable power. Advances in technology are improving this efficiency, and some high-quality panels can exceed 20%.

Factors Affecting Solar Panel Performance

Several factors can affect how well your solar panels work:

  • Location and Sunlight Exposure: Panels will perform best in areas with lots of sunlight. Locations with more cloud cover or shorter days may produce less electricity.
  • Tilt and Angle: Panels should be installed at the right angle to capture the most sunlight. This varies based on your location and the time of year.
  • Panel Condition: Dirty or damaged panels can reduce efficiency, so it's important to clean and maintain them regularly.

Conclusion

Solar panels are a reliable and eco-friendly way to generate electricity by harnessing the sun's energy. By understanding how solar panels work, you can make an informed decision about whether solar energy is right for your home or business. Schedule a call today to learn more about how solar panels can power your home and save on energy costs! You can also check Is Your Home is Solar ready?

← Back to blog